Updated on: June 29, 2019
You will Learn in This Linux Tutorial
- What is Linux?
- Where is Linux?
- Why We Use Linux?
- Difference between Linux and Microsoft Windows?
- How to Learn Linux?
- Basic Linux Commands
- Moving And Renaming File And Directory
What is Linux?
Linux is an Operating System based on UNIX that was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It is free, open source operating system (Open source refers to a program or software in which the source code is available for use and/or modification from its original design free of charge.)
Linux commonly used as a server, but linux tutorial is also used in desktop computers, Smartphones, gaming consoles “From wristwatches to Supercomputer”, is the popular description of Linux capabilities. Let’s check more about linux tutorial
About Linux Kernel, RHCSA, RHCE
Where is Linux?
Linux is used as a leading operating system on servers and used in big systems such as mainframe computers, Super computer. Linux OS used in the TOP 500 supercomputer. Many top companies uses Linux like GOOGLE, Facebook, Amazon, NASA, IBM, Twitter, almost company they using Linux machine as there web server etc. company using Linux machines.
Check Here: Take Guidance from expert
Why We Use Linux?
- In Linux we have freedom to change operating system.
- We have choices Many Operating System is based on Linux (Ubuntu Red Hat Fedora Kali etc.)
- Free Operating System no need to pay anything.
- Linux is fast beautiful Operating system.
- Have High stability will stay a long time.
- More secure than any other Operating system like Microsoft.
- We can Runs on any hardware platform.
- Linux is virus free (Does not support .exe extension by defaults).
- We can customization OS as per need.
- Linux now comes with user friendly installation and setup programs.
- Linux Learning can we fun if you want to learn there is no limitation for the learner.
- We can use Linux for multiple purposes.
- Many companies have multiple profiles based on Linux.
- Many companies are switching Microsoft to Linux.
- You want to explore new wide features.
- We should use Linux because we don’t sign any agreement with Microsoft that we will use it.
Linux tutorial is largely preferred by users all over the world because of the multitude of advantages it offers. Linux is known as the free-to-use operating system that is available for users both in terms of pricing and license. Users can easily download it for free and use it after installing it. Linux is such an operating system of which several copies can be made and distributed even after a little modification. In comparison to Windows, Linux is appropriate for even the most basic configuration systems.
Even if your system has low RAM, for example, 128 MB, some Linux operating systems work easily on them. It is also known for its safe and secure system. Its security features are highly recommended as you do need to have any kind of antivirus while your system is under any update. Hidden intruders or trackers will not be able to steal any of your valuable information while you are working on Linux.
It is largely used by most users worldwide because of the large number of applications it makes available for users. One can easily browse through the software in the software centre and choose the best one based on the ratings and reviews. Also, there is a good number of proprietary software available on Linux, from which users can choose.
Most users use Linux as it comes with easy-to-customize options. While working on an operating system, many users tweak the look of the OS. Herein, they can feel the benefit of customizing the looks of the OS as per their priorities and choices. Linux users can choose from multiple icons, themes, panels, dock launchers, etc.
Thus, Linux users have the privilege of enjoying the chunky and funky look of their OS. Linux users have the privilege of enjoying web browsing on any of their favorite browsers. This means that you can have all your favorite browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, and Opera on Linux. Work on anything you want. Also, Linux takes special care of the creative minds and brings in the best open-source alternative applications within the reach of users.
For example, there is Gimp, Inkscape, Ardour, Blender, etc., meant for graphics editing, audio editing, and video editing. All the above tools are completely free. Additionally, users love to use Linux as it comes with free and open-source music players to manage their music library. Now, you can easily stream your favorite music or videos on Linux. Linux is widely known for its beginner-friendly mode that makes it a highly used OS among users.
Difference between Linux and Microsoft Windows?
- Linux is freely available on the internet, for Microsoft we have to pay.
- Linux has more security feature that you can find any other operating system.
- Linux customization is possible, but we cannot customize Microsoft windows operating system.
- Linux is almost virus free and we all know about virus problems in Microsoft OS.
- Linux used everywhere from wristwatches to Supercomputer” but Microsoft has limited area.
- Linux have stability; will not crash easily, but in Microsoft we cannot say that.
- Linux software also freeware like open office, but at Microsoft we have to pay for Microsoft office. Linux feature updated faster than Microsoft.
- Linux does not need to be rebooted to maintain performance levels, Windows need to be rebooted time to time.
- Linux has single purpose programs that are not affected to other programs but in Microsoft if one will get crashed you will get error everywhere.
- Linux support almost device drivers, but at Microsoft we need to install driver for devices.
- Linux has different file system like ext2, ext3 ext4 xfs more reliable than Microsoft FAT NTFS
- Linux has separate directories for each and every work, All users have a separate home directory there they can work but in Microsoft user can work anywhere.
How to Learn Linux?
In this linux tutorial, we will start from the beginning and will go to the advanced level of Linux. As we know Linux is available in both interfaces GUI (Graphical User Interface) & TUI (Terminal user interface).
To learn GUI mode you have spent some time with Linux it’s easy to operate and it can be learned by self easily. But when we talk about learning Linux it always means Basic Linux Commands of Linux.
Learning the linux tutorial will be easy when we know how to use Linux commands with proper syntax. So now I am going to tell you about Basic Linux Commands.
To run commands we have to login in Linux machine
There are two modes of login
1. Graphical Mode (Alt+ctrl+F1 or F7)
2. Text Mode (Alt+Ctrl+F2….F6)
In case of Graphical Mode
Right-click on Desktop -> Open terminal (Terminal is a command prompt for Linux)
In the case of Text Mode
localhost login: root
Password: RedHat
[root@localhost~]#
[User @ computer name PWD ] #
# – root user powerful user account
$ – normal user account
Basic Linux Commands
Some of the Common Basic system commands are as follow:
# cat > filename:- The ‘cat’ command is used to create a file
Type text
Ctrl +D (for save & exit)
# cat filename: to view the file content.
#touch filename: to create empty files
# mkdir folder name: to create directory
#cd foldername : To change directory
#cd .. : To come out from the directory
#cd : to jump to root directory
#cd – : to jump to the previous directory
#cd / : to come out all directory
# Date : to display date and time
# Cal : to display the calendar
# Cal 11 2019: display the calendar of Month 11 and year 2019
# Clear : To clear the screen
# reset: to clear screen
# ls : to list directory contents
color identification
blue : Directories
White : Files
Green : Executable files
Red ; Zip files, rpm, tar file
Different switches used with “ls” command
# ls –l or ll: used for the long listing including file and directory permission
(-) : file
(d) : Directory
(l) : Symbolic link
# ls –a : shows all hidden files and directory. Any file followed by (.) is a hidden file
# ls –al : show all hidden files and directory with the long listing or whole description
# ls –d : shows all the directory
# rm filename : to remove the file
# rm –f filename : to remove file forcefully
# rmdir foldername : Only empty directory will be deleted
# rm –r foldername : to remove the folder
# rm –rf foldername : to remove folder forcefully
# pwd: Present working directory
# who am I: display the information of the current terminal
# who : display all login user in the terminal.
# w : display logged users
# history: it shows all the command you have used.
History can store the last 1000 command which you have run. If you want to change
# vim /etc/profile
HIST SIZE =100
Save and exit
# history –c ( to clear all the previous command to reside in history)
# !! : repeat last command
# !r : the last command executed with ‘r’ character
# !20 : executed that no. of command
Moving And Renaming File And Directory
mv: move /rename files and directory
# mv [option] file destination
# mv old name new name
multiple files can be moved at a time if the destination is a directory
# mv [option] file1 file2 file3 destination
# mv [source add] [destination add]
GETTING HELP:
The command that is used to get the help are discussed as:
# What is command: Display a short description of the command, it uses a database that is updated nightly. Often not available immediately after installation.
# –help: Display usage summary and argument list
# man: for help
#info: for help
Both provide documentation for command. Almost every command has a “man” page. The collection of pages is called the Linux manual.
Viewing Text Page
#more [option] [filename]
#less [option] [filename]
Example:
# less abc.txt
scroll with arrows/PgUp /PgDown
we can also use “less” with pipe |
These are common commands of Linux to do practice of it after that we will continue to learn other Basic Linux commands in this linux tutorial like copy paste commands, process related command, networking related commands and many more.
